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Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts , Belgrade , Serbia
Introduction. Tungsten disulfide (WS₂) nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties, making them promising candidates for biomedical applications. While previous studies have demonstrated the in vitro biocompatibility of WS₂ in various cell lines, their effects on neutrophil function remain unexplored.
Methods. Human neutrophils were isolated via dextran sedimentation and exposed to increasing concentrations of in organic fullerene-like WS₂ (IF-WS₂) (12.5–200 µg/mL). After incubation, cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore (CaI), or N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Cell viability was assessed by
flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using luminol-based chemiluminescence, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was quantified using Sytox Green fluorescence.
Results. IF-WS₂ had no significant effect on neutrophil viability at any tested concentration. However, ROS production was in hibited in a concentration-dependent manner, especially under PMA stimulation. IF-WS₂ also significantly reduced both spontaneous and stimulus-induced NETosis.
Conclusion. IF-WS₂ nanoparticles attenuate key neutrophil functions, including oxidative burst and NETosis, even at low concentrations. These findings suggest their potential utility as immunomodulatory agents in inflammatory and autoimmune
diseases.
Data curation, S.Z., S.R. and M.Č.; Investigation, S.Z., D.P., S.R., V.M., L.J., M.D., D.M. and M.Č.; Methodology, S.Z., D.P., S.R., V.M., L.J., M.D., D.M. and M.Č.; Software, S.Z. and M.Č.; Validation, S.Z., D.M. and M.Č.; Writing – original draft, S.Z. and M.Č.; Formal Analysis, D.M. and M.Č.; Conceptualization, M.Č.; Supervision, M.Č.; Visualization, M.Č. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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